Economic architecture is all about ensuring that the design fits the shoe, and the shoe size is often constrained by purse strings determined by the prevalent economic conditions. It bridges design and financial strategy, reflecting the interplay between the most relevant economic factors and architectural innovation. It pervades from sustainable materials to adaptive reuse wherein architects must address global challenges like resource depletion, environmental impact, and economic inequality while meeting budget constraints. With innovative practices, architects can create structures that caters to contemporary requirements and enable sustainable economic growth that resonates with the economic development of the region.
Circular Economy in Architecture
The architectural design that revolutionizes construction by minimizing waste and maximizing reuse is Circular design. The approach involves designing buildings that could potentially be disassembled thereby using materials that can be recycled or repurposed. Modular systems further enhance this strategy by enabling easy assembly and disassembly, reducing costs, and increasing durability.
The Quay Quarter Tower in Sydney is a notable example. The Quay Quarter Tower was designed and build to have a net-zero impact on the environment, instead of being demolished, saving $130 million and 12,000 tons of carbon emissions. The existing skyscraper was repurposed by preserving more than 60% of its original framework, significantly extending the building’s lifespan by an additional 50 years. In 2022, the Quay Quarter Tower was awarded the World Building of the Year at the World Architecture Festival in Lisbon.
Sustainable Strategies for Longevity
Locally sourced and eco-conscious materials play a crucial role in economic architecture. Reclaimed wood, recycled steel and bio-based insulation are alternatives that reduce resource depletion and life cycle costs. The use of low impact concrete and material passports, which track materials for future reuse, with traceability to promote circular construction. While the costs are initially presumed to be higher, such materials are economical with reduced maintenance and environmental impact.
Often projects built by famous architects for major events with long lead materials, sourced from faraway continents, go into disarray and disuse simply because of its unavailability, wherewithal to source and the product itself becomes obsolete. It is imperative that designers go beyond their comfort zones to study the locally available and sustainable materials, ensure that they are tested for durability and performance, and then specify for use in such projects.
Modular & Prefabrication Advantages
Prefabrication involves manufacturing of building components in the factory or in an offsite location and transportation to the Project location has emerged as a game-changer in architecture particularly where Site conditions are constrained for space and laydown area. Moreover, the standardized components streamline construction techniques, minimise the skilled labour training, lower the cost, and enhance quality control and quality assurance protocols.
This method also reduces waste and project timelines, making it particularly effective for large-scale residential developments and commercial projects where repetitive elements come into play. The flexibility and adaptability of prefabricated construction is in harmony with circular economy motives, creating structures that can be adapted to meet diversified needs.
The Stadium 974, also known as the Ras Abu Aboud Stadium built in Doha for the FIFA World Cup 2022, serves as an example for both circular economy and prefabricated structures. The stadium was built using modular shipping containers allowing the entire structure to be disassembled and moved elsewhere after the purpose of the world cup. The strategy was to avoid situations where many stadia built for major tournaments held with aplomb in Africa, later fell into disrepair due to paucity of funds after the tournament.
Revitalization Through Adaptive Reuse
The adaptive reuse transforms outdated or underutilized buildings into vibrant, functional spaces. This approach conserves resources by reducing the demand for new materials and construction. Examples include converting industrial warehouses into residential complexes or heritage buildings into community centers. These projects not only preserve cultural heritage but also stimulate local economies by attracting tourism and fostering new economic opportunities.
The Pier 57 on Hudson River, New York is an engineering marvel due to its innovative use of three hollow concrete caissons to support the main structure, rather than traditional pylons. It was abandoned as the city expanded, and then later transformed in 2023 to offer spectacular cityscape views atop a beautifully landscaped terrace.
Green Financing for Eco-Friendly Projects
Green finance supports sustainable architectural practices by incentivizing eco-conscious projects. Green bonds, for instance, fund energy-efficient developments and renewable energy systems. By aligning financial incentives with sustainability goals, architects can prioritize environmentally friendly designs without compromising economic viability. Financial institutions are increasingly recognizing the long-term value of green projects, encouraging broader adoption of this approach.
Local Economies and Community Growth
Architecture can drive economic development at the local level. By using regional materials and employing local labor, projects contribute to job creation and strengthen community ties. Community-focused spaces, such as markets, libraries, and cultural centers, foster social interaction and economic activity. These spaces not only improve quality of life but also attract tourism and investments, creating a ripple effect of economic growth.
Architectural Innovation in Economic Design
Technological advancements have significantly enhanced economic design in architecture. Tools like Building Information Modeling (BIM) optimize project planning, enabling architects to manage resources effectively and reduce errors. Smart technologies, such as IoT sensors, improve energy efficiency and operational performance. These innovations make architecture more cost-effective while maintaining creative freedom and functionality.
The Msheireb Downtown Doha, is recognized as the world’s first fully developed smart and sustainable city district, designed to meet the needs of residential, leisure, and commercial spaces. Rooted in principles of tradition and innovation, the project reflects extensive research that preserves Qatari culture through its initiative, the “Seven Steps”. The development features residential units, mixed-use spaces, and iconic landmarks like the Barahat Msheireb, largest covered pedestrian square in the region.
The district integrates Gold or Platinum LEED-certified buildings, cutting-edge technology, and sustainable infrastructure ensuring adherence to the highest green building standards, preparing for the evolving demands of future generations.
The Role of Consumer-Driven Architecture
Consumer behavior shapes economic architecture by influencing the design of retail and public spaces. Shopping malls, urban plazas, and entertainment hubs are crafted to enhance user experiences and boost economic activity. Behavioral economics informs these designs, ensuring that spaces encourage spending, interaction, and repeated visits. Architects play a pivotal role in creating environments that align with both consumer needs and economic objectives.
Corporate Architecture as Economic Branding
Corporate buildings have become a tool for economic branding, representing a company’s identity and values. Iconic structures, such as Apple’s flagship stores, merge aesthetics with functionality to create memorable consumer experiences. These designs reinforce a company’s market position while serving as landmarks that attract visitors and generate economic activity. Corporate architecture thus acts as a bridge between business goals and architectural innovation.
Impact on Urban Development
Economic architecture shapes urban development by fostering sustainable growth. Mixed-use developments, for example, combine residential, commercial, and recreational spaces, creating dynamic environments that support local economies. Smart cities leverage digital infrastructure to optimize resource use and enhance urban living. These projects not only address economic challenges but also create inclusive spaces that adapt to changing urban demands.
In contrast to how Msheireb Downtown Doha reimagines urban living by integrating sustainable design and cultural heritage into a mixed-use district, Saudi Arabia’s The Line challenges conventional city layouts through its revolutionary urban planning initiative as part of the NEOM megaproject. The project aims to push boundaries and redefine city living. It proposes a hyper-connected city with zero-carbon infrastructure, powered by renewable energy and equipped with AI-driven technology. Spanning 170 kilometres, The Line eliminates cars and roads, prioritizing efficiency and environmental sustainability. It will feature a multi-layered structure: a pedestrian layer for daily activities, an infrastructure layer for utilities and services, and a subterranean “spine” layer housing high-speed transport, enabling end-to-end travel in just 20 minutes. The project also incorporates 5G connectivity and a cashless economy, underscoring its commitment to modern living standards. The Line exemplifies a bold vision for economic diversification, positioning Saudi Arabia as a global hub for innovation and sustainable urban solutions.
References:
Quay Quarter Tower https://worldgbc.org/case_study/quay-quarter-tower
https://www.msheirebproperties.com/msheireb-downtown-doha/about-msheireb-downtown-doha/mandate/
Mamauag, J., Of Economy and Design in Architecture—The Role of the Economy in Shaping Architectural Design.
Mamauag, J., Of Economy and Design in Architecture — Part 2: Impacts & Influences: The Impact of Economic Recessions on Architecture.
Piatkowska, K.K., 2012. Economy and architecture: The role of architecture in the process of building the economic potential of space. Humanities and Social Sciences Review, 1(2), pp.549-555.
WIRED Middle East. The Line: Saudi Arabia’s new city that will eliminate cars and roads. https://wired.me/technology/the-line-neom-saudi-city-urban-blueprint-for-next-150-years/
https://diamondcleaningusa.com/efficient-construction-waste-disposal-your-eco-friendly-solution
