The word ‘design’ creates an aesthetic, eye-catching picture and features more than the conventional things. Design can be a building, clothing, or posters; the design is everywhere. It is an intriguing blend of realism and creativity. Intuition is one of the main factors of a good strategy. The world of designing is humongous, which has led to the division of design into different disciplines for a better understanding. Designing includes fashion design, graphic design, architecture (building design), industrial design, etc. Observation, imagination, and configuration are the common aspects in all design disciplines.
Since the trends play a crucial role in the evolution and constant change in designs, all the respective disciplines have adapted those trends. For example, Art Nouveau, a highly ornate idiom, was the first major international design trend to promote the idea that art should be a part of daily life. It insisted that no ordinary object, no matter how useful, should be neglected as a source of artistic value in the future. It also supported combining all forms of design into a single language. The style was applied to architecture, interior design, glassware, jewelry, poster art, illustration (see, in particular, Aubrey Beardsley), painting, and sculpture. It was characterized by curvilinear shapes and patterns from organic structures, Celtic designs, and simple geometrical forms.
The Celtic Art Revival movement and the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris enhanced Art Nouveau’s popularity, expanding across Europe, America, and Australia. Jugendstil in Germany, Sezessionstil in Austria, Modernisme in Catalonia, Paling Stijl or Style des Vingt in Belgium, Stile Liberty in Italy, Stijl Contemporary in Russia, and Tiffany-style in America were all titles given to this modern style. Its venture into abstract art was further defined by painters and architects of the twentieth century, such as Hector Guimard (1867-1942). In the 1920s, Art Deco supplanted the movement.
The following design principles are similar for all disciplines. The entire design community follows these principles.
Contrast
Contrast refers to how contrasting elements come together to make a design. It helps to make the main design evident to be recognized among the other aspects—for example, light and dark colors, smooth and rough textures, large and small shapes. Contrast creates variety, visual interest, and drama in an artwork.
Balance
All the elements in a design carry some visual weight. Sometimes, the arrangements become overwhelming for anyone to see. Typography, colors, images, shapes, patterns, and other design elements all have visual weight. Some components are more prominent and catch the eye, while others are more subtle. The placement of these items on a page should give the impression of balance.
Asymmetrical and symmetrical balance are the two primary types of balance. On either side of an imaginary center line, balanced designs place items of equal weight. Asymmetrical balance employs pieces of varying weights, which are frequently arranged about a line, not in the center of the overall design.
Proportion
Harmony is a connection in which the various elements of a composition belong together in size and distribution when the proportion is used well in design.
The relationship between two or more elements in a design and how they compare is known as proportion. When there is a correct relationship between the elements in terms of size or quantity, the proportion is said to be harmonic.
Hierarchy
The regulation of visual information in an arrangement or presentation to imply importance is known as a hierarchy. The hierarchy influences the sequence of how a human eye would perceive a design. Hierarchy can represent scale, color, text size, perspective, space, depth, etc.
Rhythm
It’s time to turn to rhythm if we want to build a great composition. It’s all around us: in the night-and-day cycle, the changing seasons, our breath, and our heartbeat. The importance of rhythm in our lives and in maintaining balance is undeniable. Good design has rhythm, much like your favorite song. Many people believe that rhythm is solely about the picture, yet this is only a tiny part of its possibilities. Rhythm is so powerful that it hypnotizes people. Repetition of words or images impacts our mental and emotional states, memory, and reasoning – it nearly controls our brain.
White Space
It is one of the essential principles of design because white space, often known as “negative space,” is the blank space that surrounds a page’s content and functional aspects. White space’s primary purpose is to allow your design to breathe by decreasing the quantity of text and applicable items that people see at any given time. You can attract and refocus one’s attention using solely visual and graphical repetition. It also stimulates their memory and makes them feel and want certain things.
As the design world is expanding with changes in methods, techniques, and approaches toward a problem, the lines between the design disciplines have been blurred. It’s also apparent that design’s disciplinary, conceptual, theoretical, and methodological frameworks expand to include a more excellent range of disciplines, activities, and practices. As a result, either design is abundant and smeared as a dense layer over the world’s problems, or it gets stretched into an impenetrable film that expands to keep wealth and consumption.
References:
- Design Art: History, Types of Applied Arts. http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/design.htm
- Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout – EMPOWERMENT …. https://thesarina.wordpress.com/2020/02/11/basic-principles-of-graphics-and-layout/
- PHILOMATH: NOTES. https://maithus.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_41.html
- Design Principles / Task 1 Exercises. https://anandyasaputra.blogspot.com/2022/04/design-principles-task-1-exercises.html
- EDDIE O’ NEILL : August 2010. https://codnewsletter.blogspot.com/2010/08/
