Nepal- The land of Everest | Cultural Heritage of Nepal
Nepal lies along the southern slopes of the world’s tallest mountain ranges, the Himalayas, bordered by India, China, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. It is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual country well known for its stunning geographical features. People all over the world visit Nepal to view the breathtaking and distinct view of the country with forests, mountain ranges, rivers, valleys, and the golden villages surrounding them. Kathmandu, being the capital of the country, also serves as the biggest destination for both the commercial and tourism sectors. 10 properties are listed as world heritage sites (cultural and natural sites of Nepal by UNESCO.
The People
The first settlers were the Kirat, known to be of Burmese-Tibet descent around 4000-4500 years ago. Southern parts of Nepal along Kathmandu valley had seen the first-ever settlement. The Kiratis were the first to rule over Nepal, later overtaken by the Lichhavis- the first royals of Indian descent in the 4th century CE. In 2008 modern Nepal emerged, putting an end to the 240-year-long monarchy.
Nepalis are known to be calm and collected. They greet foreigners with a warm welcome and are known for their hospitality. They share their culture and taste in music and arts and have rich faith in religion and traditions. Nepalis are proud of their heritage and history and respect the Gurkhas (Nepali soldiers) as they protect the land. They also distinguish themselves from other countries as Nepal has never been exploited by other nations. A fair part of Nepal’s population is followers of Buddhism and Hinduism, followed by other religions and minor groups. The history and architecture are influenced by Hindu and Buddhist cultures and beliefs.
Economy and Revenue
As for the economy, around 70% of the local population relies on the agriculture of fruits, corn, wheat, and rice. Nepal has fertile land suitable for agriculture in the southern Terai plains and lowers hilly areas where water is available.
Rest 30% relies on software and engineering, service sectors like transport, finance, construction, etc., and industrial work for livelihood. In rural areas, people end on fishery and animal husbandry for revenue. Apart from all the above sources, the country is hugely dependent on tourism.
Culture and Heritage
The unique cultural heritage of Nepal has evolved over centuries. Like many countries, Nepal has its own tribal, ethnic, and modern social groups with their cultural trait of language, food, art, music, and different celebrations and festivals following other folklore and traditions. Since most people rely on farming for their living, Magher Sankranti is celebrated for their first harvest. Dashain (the longest and most celebrated) and Tihar are essential festivals celebrated as per Hindu mythology. The country is the birthplace of Gautama Buddha, and to this day, his birthday is celebrated as Buddha Jayanthi.
Nepal is a secular country where people can choose the religion they are to follow. The majority of the population follows Hinduism, followed by Buddhism. Islam, Christianity, and a tiny part constitute believers of Jains, Sikhs, Bahas, Jews, and then again, people who don’t follow any of these at all. The Hindu and Buddhist philosophies are the base of Nepal’s philosophy. The Nepalis, including animal sacrifices, intensely follow tantric traditions. Apart from that, coming of age, marriage ceremonies, womanhood, and old age are also celebrated as part of the tradition.
The traditional clothing is the Daura-Suruwal, worn by men, and Gunyo-Cholo worn by women. Nepali cuisine originated from Indian, Chinese, and Tibetan cuisines. Tribal and minority groups, however, have variations of cuisine according to food availability.
Language, Art, and Literature
Nepali is the official language of Nepal. Mythili, Bhojpuri, Tamang, and Tharu are the other most spoken language of Nepal. The dance forms of Nepal are heavily influenced by folklore, the most popular one being the Lakhey dance. Paintings, sculptors, and woodcarving are the primary art forms of Nepal. Traditional musical instruments like madal, bansuri, sarangi, etc. are also popular cultural highlights. Short stories and poetry following urban legends are also popular in the culture.
Architecture | Cultural Heritage of Nepal
Nepal’s architectural style is divided into three types based on the elements used: stupas, shikhara, and pagodas. It is a mix of practicality and artistry. The ancient architecture of Nepal focused on the Temple architecture of both Hindus and Buddhists. Monasteries, royal courts, and palaces have also seen exquisite hands-on architecture.
Buddhist temples follow the style of Tibetan architecture and introduced stupas into the designs. Buddhist monasteries also reflect the architecture and the local culture. The simple lifestyle of the monks who prayed and lived there influenced the ancient design of monasteries.
Many temples in Nepal have the shikharas and pagodas as an element of design based on Indian and Chinese styles of architecture.
Boudhanath Stupa, Swayanbhunath temple, Kopan Monastery, Lumbini, white monastery, and Shechen monasteries are the most popular cultural sites with strong connections to the Hindu and Buddhist lineage.
Overview | Cultural Heritage of Nepal
Nepal is a place of faith and colors, a haven for mountain lovers and those who enjoy the beauty of nature. Travelers find Nepal versatile as it is flexible to any interest, trekking, shopping, celebrating, or even relaxing. People return to Nepal now and then, because all landmarks and stunning landscapes cannot be experienced in one visit.
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